Introduction to the Beatitudes

Introduction

The Beatitudes have been studied and written about for two thousand years. Christians and others have explored the richness and challenge they offer but also their meaning in differing social contexts and throughout history. Today, we have the privilege of considering how Jesus’ words through the Beatitudes influence us here at Yale, and how they can transform us and the communities around us in a truly beautiful and life-changing way.

Is it “blessed” or “happy” and what’s the difference?

The word used at the beginning of each Beatitude is the Greek word makarios and some have taken this to mean ‘happy’ however the consensus of New Testament scholars is that ‘blessed’ is contextually and historically more accurate and appropriate. For example, there are multiple concerns with using ‘happy’ as this is a difficult and contentious word to pin down: how do you define happiness and isn’t that contingent upon the individual and their context?

So what does ‘blessed’ mean if not happy?

The connotation or meaning here is of biblical flourishing and of a soul that prospers. Note the distinction between what may be considered secular human flourishing and biblical flourishing - there may be areas of overlap however there are also areas of great difference. Biblical flourishing points to a soul that is at peace with God; has contentment in and because of God in their life; and has purpose and meaning because of God. What we will see through the beatitudes is a clear picture from Jesus as to what this soul looks like when they are biblically flourishing - some of these will be incredibly counter-cultural in their presentation. 

Who is the audience for the Beatitudes?

New Testament scholars have debated the audience of the Beatitudes and the Sermon on the Mount. Clearly there were differing groups present as Jesus taught. There were his closest followers, his named disciples, who would have the most intimate knowledge and commune with him. Then there were his other followers, those who were beginning to believe his words and follow this itinerant rabbi. And finally there was the crowd, who maybe had heard of Jesus and now had the opportunity to hear him for the first time.

So, who is the primary audience? The agreement would be that Jesus is speaking to his disciples and to those who choose to follow him today. The Beatitudes are for those who choose to follow Jesus and have given their life over to his rule and reign. This becomes clear when we consider how to live out the Beatitudes in our lives.

Who can attain them?

It becomes abundantly clear, even with a quick reading of the beatitudes, that they seem almost unattainable and unlivable. Who can live like this? We will see, as we go through them, that a serious engagement with them should lead us to a point where, if we’re honest, we can’t follow them in our own strength. We would reduce them to a form of moralism that would lead to guilt and shame when they’re not achieved. If we were to then work through the Sermon on the Mount we would see that none of them are achievable in and of ourselves and this seems to be the point Jesus is driving home - realize we can’t do it and come to him to allow him, and the Holy Spirit, to transform us from the inside out to live this way. In other words, only when we follow Jesus, and we surrender our lives to him, can we live the Beatitudes.

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A Guide on How to Use This Study

Preamble and context

You have been given an extensive preamble and context for each study. Take a moment to read through this as it will help guide your conversation and discussion. This is important as you will be discussing only one verse each study. The preamble unpacks the historical, cultural and theological significance of Jesus’ words and help you have a fruitful discussion.

Questions

You have been given a number of questions - the idea is not to make sure you answer each question. Before you begin your study please prayerfully consider which of the questions you will ask. Make sure you have a ‘core’ number of questions that will result in engaging conversation however have 2-3 others in case you need to continue your time.

Application

Each study has both a ‘spiritual practice’ and some have a ‘practical demonstration.’ The spiritual practice will help you develop your spiritual disciplines, in other words, will help you find ways to connect with God, to hear his voice, and live out his words in your life and in your world. Some of us lean into some practices more easily than others so this gives a good opportunity to continue finding out the ways you most easily, and most effectively, meet with God. You may also have a ‘practical demonstration.’ There is something that will transform our soul as we follow Jesus but there will also be a way we can manifest, or demonstrate that change practically in our world. We want to encourage you to do both in the relevant weeks and take time to reflect on them within your next time together.

Real Community - A Reminder

Please remember that we have a strong conviction on what a real community looks like - make every endeavor to get together outside of your designated core group times. Begin to practice what you learn in the Beatitudes with those in your core group and those around you.